Prior research on the effectiveness of online learning produced some contradictory findings, with both positive and negative effects on student retention and success. After the peak of online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic, many traditional in-person schools returned to offering more in-person courses, but the questions about the impact of in-person vs. online learning on student success remain. This study explores these questions by using the past three years’ retention and GPA data (2020-2023), and comparing traditional undergraduate students who did and did not take at least one online course. We discuss our findings in light of institutional efforts to train faculty and create effective systems for online learning.